Model for the eIF5A-mediated regulation of the mitochondrial function. Upon eIF5A depletion, ribosomes translating TIM50 mRNA to synthesize the Tim50 proline-rich region (PPPPPPP) become stalled and, thus, the mitochondrial import of co-translationally inserted proteins targeting the IMS, MIM, and MM is compromised. The non-imported mitochondrial precursors start aggregating in the cytosol bound to chaperone Hsp104. Then, the mitoCPR response is induced to clear the proteins accumulating in the mitochondrial surface through the action of Cis1 and Msp1. In addition, the lack of eIF5A reduces the translation of many RNAs encoding mitoproteins so the levels of most mitochondrial proteins become reduced. Figure was processed using BioRender (RRID:SCR_018361).