Figure 9.
Cells with non-deformable and non-dispersible nuclei are extruded to relieve packing. (A) Still images showing cell extrusion-like event. The area occupied by the extruding cell (red) is gradually lost during GBE (0, 10, 15 min) before it finally disappears (arrow at 20 min). Image slice from ∼6 µm below the apical surface. Scale bar = 5 µm. (B) Quantitation of extrusion-like events (percent apical loss) in GBE of kuk MT-, kuk ctrl, and head (non-GBE region) of kuk MT- embryos; n = 15 measured areas from k = 3 embryos for each background. Error bar indicates SD. (C) FFT analysis of oscillatory area changes in kuk ctrl and kuk MT- embryos. 0 μm depth indicates the nuclear midplane, positive values indicate apical, and negative values indicate basal to the nuclear midplane. The dotted line indicates 0.008 Hz from which FFT amplitude percent change was calculated for C′. The color bar indicates the FFT amplitude in the frequency space. (C′) Comparison of FFT amplitude percent change between kuk ctrl and kuk MT- embryos. For C and C′, n = 1,078 cells for kuk ctrl and n = 695 cells for kuk MT- from k = 3 embryos. (D) Vertical interface length traces from the onset (0 min) to 20 min after GBE for wildtype (WT), luciferase shRNA (ctrl), kuk, water-injected control (H2O ctrl), colchicine-injected (MT-), water-injected kuk control (kuk ctrl), and colchicine-injected kuk (kuk MT-). Error envelopes indicate SEM. (D′) Rate of change of vertical interface lengths for all the backgrounds as in D calculated over 20 min. Color codes of boxes are the same as D. For both D and D′, n = 81 interfaces for WT, n = 168 interfaces for control (luciferase), n = 125 interfaces for kuk, n = 238 interfaces for H2O ctrl, n = 201 interfaces for MT-, n = 287 interfaces for kuk H2O, and n = 180 interfaces for kuk MT- from k = 4 for WT and H2O-injected and k = 3 for all other backgrounds. (E) Rose plots showing directionality of contracting interface in kuk control and kuk MT-; n = 1,755 interfaces for kuk ctrl and n = 1,707 for kuk MT- from k = 3 embryos for each background. The measured n values are regardless of timepoints where not indicated. Statistical significance was calculated using the Mann–Whitney U-test. **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001.

Cells with non-deformable and non-dispersible nuclei are extruded to relieve packing. (A) Still images showing cell extrusion-like event. The area occupied by the extruding cell (red) is gradually lost during GBE (0, 10, 15 min) before it finally disappears (arrow at 20 min). Image slice from ∼6 µm below the apical surface. Scale bar = 5 µm. (B) Quantitation of extrusion-like events (percent apical loss) in GBE of kuk MT-, kuk ctrl, and head (non-GBE region) of kuk MT- embryos; n = 15 measured areas from k = 3 embryos for each background. Error bar indicates SD. (C) FFT analysis of oscillatory area changes in kuk ctrl and kuk MT- embryos. 0 μm depth indicates the nuclear midplane, positive values indicate apical, and negative values indicate basal to the nuclear midplane. The dotted line indicates 0.008 Hz from which FFT amplitude percent change was calculated for C′. The color bar indicates the FFT amplitude in the frequency space. (C′) Comparison of FFT amplitude percent change between kuk ctrl and kuk MT- embryos. For C and C′, n = 1,078 cells for kuk ctrl and n = 695 cells for kuk MT- from k = 3 embryos. (D) Vertical interface length traces from the onset (0 min) to 20 min after GBE for wildtype (WT), luciferase shRNA (ctrl), kuk, water-injected control (H2O ctrl), colchicine-injected (MT-), water-injected kuk control (kuk ctrl), and colchicine-injected kuk (kuk MT-). Error envelopes indicate SEM. (D′) Rate of change of vertical interface lengths for all the backgrounds as in D calculated over 20 min. Color codes of boxes are the same as D. For both D and D′, n = 81 interfaces for WT, n = 168 interfaces for control (luciferase), n = 125 interfaces for kuk, n = 238 interfaces for H2O ctrl, n = 201 interfaces for MT-, n = 287 interfaces for kuk H2O, and n = 180 interfaces for kuk MT- from k = 4 for WT and H2O-injected and k = 3 for all other backgrounds. (E) Rose plots showing directionality of contracting interface in kuk control and kuk MT-; n = 1,755 interfaces for kuk ctrl and n = 1,707 for kuk MT- from k = 3 embryos for each background. The measured n values are regardless of timepoints where not indicated. Statistical significance was calculated using the Mann–Whitney U-test. **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001.

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