Proliferation of patients’ T cells following TCR activation. Proliferation of activated T cells stimulated or not with different concentrations of anti-CD3–coated beads (OKT3) for 4 days. T cell proliferation was determined from the level of CellTrace Violet dye dilution. Percentage of CD8⁺ dividing cells from HCs and patients. Dividing cells represent cells having undergone at least one division (data pooled from n = 5 independent experiments including a total of 13 HCs and 7 patients). P values were determined in a two-way ANOVA (ns: not significant). NS, nonstimulated.