Characterization of UDCs. (A) Heatmap of the top five genes for each UDC cluster in the scRNAseq. (B) Flow cytometry profiling of a representative BC patient’s urine sample confirms the existence of several of the major immune subsets identified in our scRNAseq including CD8⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T cells, NK cells, monocytes, neutrophils, B cells, and macrophages. Isotype controls are included for the gating schematic.