Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of BC patient UDCs. (A) Schematic of BC patient specimens collected. Created with Biorender. (B) Concentration of live UDCs (# of cells/ml urine) between BC and HD urine (n = 10 each). A Mann–Whitney test was performed (P value <0.0001; ****). (C) UMAP plot of 40,342 UDCs integrated from 10 BC urine samples. Cells are colored by cluster and annotated based on prior studies. With a resolution of 0.4, there were 18 clusters. (D) Heatmap demonstrating the average expression per cluster of genes used for their annotation. (E) UMAP plot of BC patient UDCs colored by donor origin. (F) Composition of BC UDCs by frequency. Bar plots display frequencies of cell types across the urine specimens.