Time course of mouse muscle atrophy after denervation. The sciatic nerve of adult WT mice was transected, and TA and GA muscles were collected at several time points later. (A–C) Muscle weight (A), muscle fiber size (B), and total amount of insoluble fraction (C) decrease after denervation. The atrophy seen over time results primarily from the accelerated degradation of muscle proteins. (A) Mean muscle weights of denervated TA and GA muscles are presented as a percentage of innervated controls ± SEM. N = 5 mice per time point. *, P < 0.05 versus innervated by one-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. (B) Measurements of cross-sectional areas of 5,143 (3 days, n = 4 mice), 2,887 (7 days, n = 4 mice), 5,878 (14 days, n = 4 mice), 1,480 (28 days, n = 4 mice) fibers in denervated muscles and an identical number of fibers in innervated controls. Statistics in Table 1. (C) Mean total content of insoluble fraction per TA muscle at different times after denervation is depicted as the percent of innervated controls ± SEM. N = 3 mice per time point. *, P < 0.05 versus innervated by one-tailed unpaired Student’s t test.