Figure 1.
Bacteria exhibit communal behavior through various communication strategies. Biofilms serve as a form of communal existence, where bacteria aggregate, forming extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrices that offer protection, nutrient absorption, habitat diversity, and social interactions. Bacteria can also employ quorum sensing (QS), releasing signals to coordinate gene expression based on population density. Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) facilitate the transfer of diverse cargos, including hydrophobic signals involved in QS.