Virion production by infected T cells. (A) Fraction of cultures with detectable virion production for different types of HIV-1 proviruses. The percentage of wells with an intact, 5′ defective, or 3′ defective provirus that displayed detectable virion production is shown for each study participant (n = 563 total replicate wells). For this analysis, we have excluded wells with more than one provirus type detected by IPDA because some defective proviruses can give rise to virions, and we cannot be certain which provirus type is responsible for the virion production. (B) For positive wells, the number of virions per well produced from activated, infected CD4⁺ T cells harboring either an intact, 5′ defective, or 3′ defective provirus. Median values are shown for each provirus type (black lines). Only wells starting with a single provirus type were included in this analysis. Pairwise comparisons were performed with a Wilcoxon test. ** P < 0.01, ns = not significant (P > 0.05).