Comparison of the TZDs’ effects on Na_V and gA channels. (A) The concentration dependence of the TZD-induced changes in AgA(15) single-channel lifetimes (τ/τ_cntrl; n = 1–7; mean ± SD). (In the experiment with 15 µM pioglitazone, there was visible precipitation.) (B) The concentration-dependent shifts in V_1/2 for inactivation. (n = 2–6; mean ± SD). (C) The TZD-induced shifts in V_1/2 versus the natural logarithm of relative changes in AgA(15) single-channel lifetimes. The ΔV_1/2 versus ln(τ/τ_cntrl) relations for troglitazone (TRO, olive squares), rosiglitazone (ROS, pink squares), pioglitazone (PIO, gray squares), and ciglitazone (CIG, orange squares) are very similar among the TZDs, as well as to the relations observed previously for other bilayer modifiers: Triton X-100 (TX100), β-octyl glucoside (βOG), reduced Triton X-100 (rTX100), Genapol X-100 (GX100), and capsaicin (Lundbæk et al., 2005).