Effects of TZDs on the rate of Tl⁺-induced fluorescence quenching of ANTS encapsulated in large unilamellar vesicles. ANTS-containing DC_22:1PC vesicles doped with gA were incubated for 10 min at 25°C with troglitazone (TRO, olive squares), rosiglitazone (ROS, pink squares), pioglitazone (PIO, gray squares), or ciglitazone (CIG, orange squares) before mixing with Tl⁺ using a stopped-flow spectrofluorometer. The quench rate was determined by fitting a stretched exponential to the time course of fluorescence quenching and determining the rate at 2 ms. Quench rates in the presence of the TZD are normalized to control quench rate in the absence of TZDs (n = 2–10).