Intracellular levels of chemokines and cytokines after HkEc stimulation in the presence of vesicle trafficking and lysosomal inhibitors. (a) Intracellular cytokine array profiles obtained from macrophages stimulated with HkEc in the presence of absence of either Bref-A or monensin. (b) Cytokine array map. (c) Various chemokines and cytokines demonstrate reduced intracellular levels in CD macrophages after HkEc stimulation and are either normalized or elevated after Bref-A or monensin treatment (n = 4 in all groups). All patients studied had colonic CD and subjects were used once per assay. Results shown are mean ± SEM (*, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001).