DHT augments key angiogenic events in vitro in male ECs via the AR. (A and B) Boyden chamber (cells were stained with Ulex lectin [UEA-1] and DAPI) and (C) scratch wounding assays of migration by male ECs pretreated with DHT or vehicle (0.1% EtOH) for 24 h ± HF, assessed after 6 and 24 h, respectively. Bar, 50 µm. (D and E) Vascular network formation by male ECs exposed to DHT or vehicle ± HF for 72 h. Tubule area was quantified using image analysis software (ImageJ; available at http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/). Bar, 100 µm. (F) Proliferation of male ECs exposed to DHT or vehicle ± HF for 24 h, assessed by direct cell counting (n = 4 independent experiments for A–F, respectively). (G and H) Matrigel assays of male ECs transfected with siRNA targeted to the AR (G) or pretreated with the ER blocker ICI182780 and treated with DHT (H; n = 3 independent experiments). **, P < 0.01; and ***, P < 0.001 versus control using ANOVA. All data are expressed as means ± SEM. For each independent experiment, cells from a different donor were used.