PDGF-CC inhibits NMDA-induced neuronal apoptosis in retina. (A–C) PDGF-CC treatment reduced the number of apoptotic cells (red) in the RGC layer and INL/ONL after NMDA injury measured by TUNEL staining (n = 8 eyes). Bar, 20 µm. (D and E) Real-time PCR revealed that PDGF-CC treatment up-regulated the expression of several neurotrophic/survival genes (D) and inhibited the expression of numerous apoptotic/cell death–related genes in the NMDA-injured retina (E; n = 8 eyes). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. The data are represented as means ± SEM of the number of determinations. All experiments were repeated independently once with similar results. Representative images (A and B) or pooled data (D and E) are shown.