RICH2 knockdown leads to a change in the localization of CD317. Localization of CD317 in polarized RICH2 knockdown Caco-2 cells. The top row shows maximum intensity projection XY images of CD317 and β-catenin, as indicated, in methanol-fixed cells. Arrows indicate potential intracellular populations of CD317 molecules. The second row shows detection of CD317 in PFA-fixed (nonpermeabilized) cells (XZ sections); the right panel shows DAPI-stained nuclei in addition to the apical CD317. The third and fourth rows present XZ sections from methanol-fixed (permeabilized) cells showing CD317 and β-catenin localization in RICH2 knockdown and control polarized Caco-2 cells as indicated. Bars, 10 µm.