EAG superfamily–specific acidic residues in the voltage sensor are required for modulation of Kv12.1 activation by extracellular pH. (A–D) Normalized GV curves for WT Kv12.1, D261A (D1A), E265A (E5A), and D314A (D6A) are compared at bath pH values of 6, 7, and 8. Conductance was determined from isochronal tail currents recorded at −40 mV after 8-s steps to the indicated voltages; values show mean ± SEM (n = 4–8). Curves show single Boltzmann distribution fits. Fit parameters (V50 and slope factor) are reported in Table 1. Boxed insets show normalized and superimposed current traces for depolarization steps that correspond most closely to V95 asymptotic open probability at pH 7 for each mutant (−30 mV for WT, −10 mV for D261A, −10 mV for E265A, and 90 mV for D314A).