Atg8ylation. Membrane atg8ylation includes a ubiquitylation-like cycle of covalent modifications of membrane lipids (PE and PS) by ATG8 proteins. Note three conjugation processes (labeled 1–3): membrane Atg8ylation (driven by ATG16L1-centered E3 ligase), protein Atg8ylation, and ATG12-ATG3 conjugation as an atg8ylation-independent branch. Modified after Kumar et al. (2021b).
Figure 1.

Atg8ylation. Membrane atg8ylation includes a ubiquitylation-like cycle of covalent modifications of membrane lipids (PE and PS) by ATG8 proteins. Note three conjugation processes (labeled 1–3): membrane Atg8ylation (driven by ATG16L1-centered E3 ligase), protein Atg8ylation, and ATG12-ATG3 conjugation as an atg8ylation-independent branch. Modified after Kumar et al. (2021b).

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