Adipocyte-specific PLD2 deficiency or pharmacoinhibition activates the thermogenic program in adipose tissues. (A) Representative images of fat depots and liver from 8-wk-old control and Pld2 Ad-KO mice (n = 6/group). Scale bars, 1 cm. (B) Relative mRNA expression of the thermogenic genes in BAT and ingWAT from 8-wk-old control and Pld2 Ad-KO mice (n = 6/group). (C) Representative images of H&E and UCP1 staining of epiWAT, ingWAT, and BAT from 8-wk-old control and Pld2 Ad-KO mice (n = 6/group). Scale bars, 25 µm. (D) Representative thermal imaging (left) and highest temperature of the BAT surface (right) of 8-wk-old control and Pld2 Ad-KO mice at 22°C (n = 6/group). (E) Measurement of rectal temperature of 8-wk-old control and Pld2 Ad-KO mice every hour in cold exposure (n = 6/group). (F) Relative mRNA expression of thermogenic genes in BAT and ingWAT from vehicle- or CAY10594-injected (7 d) 8-wk-old WT mice (n = 6/group). (G) Representative images of fat depots and H&E and UCP1 staining of epiWAT, ingWAT, and BAT tissues from vehicle- or CAY10594-injected (7 d) 8-wk-old WT mice (n = 6/group). Scale bars, 1 cm (top), 25 µm (middle and bottom). (H) Measurement of rectal temperature of vehicle- or CAY10594-injected (7 d) 8-wk-old WT mice every hour in cold exposure (n = 6/group). (I–L) The level of EE (I), RER (J), locomotor activity (K), and daily food intake (L) of 8-wk-old control and Pld2 Ad-KO mice (n = 5/group). (M) The oxygen uptake (VO₂) levels of CL-injected 8-wk-old control or Pld2 Ad-KO mice at room temperature condition (n = 6/group). The data are presented as mean ± SEM. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 by Student’s t test (B, D [right], F, and I) and two-way ANOVA (E, H, and M). Data are representative of three independent experiments (A–H). Temp, temperature; Veh, vehicle; VCO₂, carbon dioxide production.