Figure 1.
Analysis of PC longevity by flow cytometry. Small intestinal lamina propria CD38high PCs from UCeD, TCeD, and control patients were analyzed for cell surface expression of CD19 and CD45 by flow cytometry as a proxy for PC longevity. Each data point represents an individual; gray lines connect data from the same patients for different PC specificities (A, D, and E). (A) Summarized data for short-lived (CD19+CD45+) and long-lived (CD19−CD45−) PCs specific for TG2 or DGP compared with PCs of unknown specificity in UCeD patients. All 15 UCeD patients are shown for the analysis of TG2-specific PCs; patients with at least 30 recorded DGP-specific PCs are included in the comparisons between DGP-specific PCs and PCs of unknown specificity (n = 6). All samples were analyzed in independent experiments (n = 15). P values were calculated with a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. (B) Percentage of PCs of unknown specificity belonging to the short-lived population in UCeD (n = 15), TCeD (n = 26), and controls (n = 13). Data were collected from, in total, 35 independent experiments. P values were calculated with an unpaired Student’s t test. (C) Percentage of PCs belonging to the short-, intermediate- (CD19−CD45+), and long-lived compartments for TG2-specific or DGP-specific PCs and PCs of unknown specificity as a function of treatment duration (years on GFD). UCeD patients are plotted as 0 yr on GFD. The colored lines represent fitted trend using linear regression; shades indicate the 95% confidence interval of the fitted line. All CeD patients are included for TG2-specific PCs and PCs of unknown specificity (left and central panel; n = 42), while only patients with at least 30 recorded DGP-specific PCs are included for DGP-specific PCs (right panel; n = 27). Data were collected from, in total, 27 independent experiments. (D and E) Percentage of PCs belonging to the short- and long-lived compartments for TG2-specific (D) or DGP-specific (E) PCs compared with PCs of unknown specificity. All TCeD patients are included in D (n = 26 samples, 12 independent experiments). Only patients with at least 30 recorded DGP-specific PCs are included in E (n = 21). TCeD patients are grouped according to treatment length. P values were calculated with a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****; P < 0.0001; ns, not significant; Unk., unknown.

Analysis of PC longevity by flow cytometry. Small intestinal lamina propria CD38high PCs from UCeD, TCeD, and control patients were analyzed for cell surface expression of CD19 and CD45 by flow cytometry as a proxy for PC longevity. Each data point represents an individual; gray lines connect data from the same patients for different PC specificities (A, D, and E). (A) Summarized data for short-lived (CD19+CD45+) and long-lived (CD19−CD45−) PCs specific for TG2 or DGP compared with PCs of unknown specificity in UCeD patients. All 15 UCeD patients are shown for the analysis of TG2-specific PCs; patients with at least 30 recorded DGP-specific PCs are included in the comparisons between DGP-specific PCs and PCs of unknown specificity (n = 6). All samples were analyzed in independent experiments (n = 15). P values were calculated with a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. (B) Percentage of PCs of unknown specificity belonging to the short-lived population in UCeD (n = 15), TCeD (n = 26), and controls (n = 13). Data were collected from, in total, 35 independent experiments. P values were calculated with an unpaired Student’s t test. (C) Percentage of PCs belonging to the short-, intermediate- (CD19−CD45+), and long-lived compartments for TG2-specific or DGP-specific PCs and PCs of unknown specificity as a function of treatment duration (years on GFD). UCeD patients are plotted as 0 yr on GFD. The colored lines represent fitted trend using linear regression; shades indicate the 95% confidence interval of the fitted line. All CeD patients are included for TG2-specific PCs and PCs of unknown specificity (left and central panel; n = 42), while only patients with at least 30 recorded DGP-specific PCs are included for DGP-specific PCs (right panel; n = 27). Data were collected from, in total, 27 independent experiments. (D and E) Percentage of PCs belonging to the short- and long-lived compartments for TG2-specific (D) or DGP-specific (E) PCs compared with PCs of unknown specificity. All TCeD patients are included in D (n = 26 samples, 12 independent experiments). Only patients with at least 30 recorded DGP-specific PCs are included in E (n = 21). TCeD patients are grouped according to treatment length. P values were calculated with a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****; P < 0.0001; ns, not significant; Unk., unknown.

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