16S rRNA analysis of fecal microbiota profile at PND22 and 7 wk of age in WT (non-Tg littermates) versus Tg APPPS1-21 mice. (A and B) 16S rRNA analysis of fecal microbiota profile was evaluated in freshly collected fecal pellet at PND22 (A) and 7 wk of age (B) in WT (non-Tg littermates) compared with Tg APPPS1-21 male mice. (A) PCoA plot generated using unweighted version of the UniFrac distance metric. The two components explained 17.2% of the variance. Both non-Tg and Tg group clusters overlapped at PND22. (B and C) The α-diversity was measured by using Faith phylogenetic diversity (B) and evenness (C). Both indices showed no changes among non-Tg and Tg groups (Kruskal-Wallis [KW]: P > 0.05 for both). (D) Heatmap of raw abundance shows comparable species profile between non-Tg and Tg mice at PND22. (E–H) Similar to the microbiota diversity readouts at PND22, microbiota profiles between non-Tg and Tg were also similar at 7 wk of age. (E) PCoA plot generated using unweighted version of the UniFrac distance metric. The two components explained 31.8% of the variance. (F and G) Faith phylogenetic diversity (F) and evenness (G) indices showed no changes among non-Tg and Tg groups (KW: P > 0.05 for both). (H) Heatmap of raw abundance shows similar species profiles between non-Tg and Tg mice at 7 wk of age. KW, Kruskal-Wallis; PCoA, principal coordinate analysis.