Figure 1. Purinergic signaling. P2X receptors are trimeric ion channels in which each subunit consists of two membrane-spanning domains. Binding of ATP to P2X channels causes a conformational change that opens the pore and allows Ca2+ and/or Na+ to enter and K+ to leave the cell (Hattori and Gouaux, 2012). P2Y receptors consist of seven transmembrane domains and are G protein–coupled receptors. Binding of ATP (or ADP, UTP, or UDP) to P2Y receptors activates different G protein signaling pathways, depending on the specific G protein associated with the receptor (P2Y1,2,4,6,11 with Gq/G11, P2Y11 with Gs, and P2Y12,13,14 with Gi/G0; Burnstock, 2012).
Figure 1.

Purinergic signaling. P2X receptors are trimeric ion channels in which each subunit consists of two membrane-spanning domains. Binding of ATP to P2X channels causes a conformational change that opens the pore and allows Ca2+ and/or Na+ to enter and K+ to leave the cell (Hattori and Gouaux, 2012). P2Y receptors consist of seven transmembrane domains and are G protein–coupled receptors. Binding of ATP (or ADP, UTP, or UDP) to P2Y receptors activates different G protein signaling pathways, depending on the specific G protein associated with the receptor (P2Y1,2,4,6,11 with Gq/G11, P2Y11 with Gs, and P2Y12,13,14 with Gi/G0; Burnstock, 2012).

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