(a) Bordetella pertussis Fluc channel (Bpe) homodimer viewed from solution (left) and membrane (middle and right); aqueous volumes of vestibules are indicated in gray, and electron densities corresponding to Na+ and F− ions are indicated in green. (b) Na+ coordination sphere. (c) Na+ and F− ions and crucial conserved asparagine and phenylalanines. (d) F− coordination shells; a concerted movement of the N43 side chain is postulated to facilitate F− movement through the channel (Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers, Ltd. R.B. Stockbridge et al. Nature. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14981, copyright 2015.)