In nonproliferating cells (top), K-Ras localizes to small PS nanoclusters, stimulating low levels of MAPK signaling. Depolarization secondary to ion channel overexpression (bottom) increases clustering of PS and K-Ras, stimulating MAPK signaling and thereby cell proliferation. (From Accardi. 2015. Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0874. Reprinted with permission from AAAS.)