GSEA of HpES modulated gene expression. (A) GSEA of the genes expressed by organoids exposed to IL-4/13, HpES, or neither, for gene sets of tuft cells, goblet cells, and Paneth cells as described by Haber et al. (2017). Graphs depict the enrichment score (y axis, green line) with positive values where gene sets are induced, and negative values where they are inhibited. Each vertical bar on the x axis represents an individual gene within the gene set for the stated cell type, and its relative ranking against all genes analyzed. NES and false discovery rate (FDR) are indicated on each graph. Gene expression data are pooled from four independent biological replicates, which were analyzed in parallel by RNA-seq. (B) Heat map of NES for cell type gene sets from Haber et al. (2017) in organoids treated with combinations of IL-4/13, HpES, or neither. (C) Heat map of tuft cell gene set expression, with key genes indicated on the y axis, showing log₂ fold change of genes in organoids treated with combinations of IL-4/13, HpES, or neither. Stim, stimulation.