The HA model (Scheme 2). (A) Cartoon representation of the model with the central pore (L) and one of the four subunits highlighted. Ca²⁺-binding K particles are differentiated from the voltage-dependent J and L particles through the use of circles with dashed lines. Allosteric interactions are labeled C, D, and E. (B) Five linkage cycles generated from the work functions W_C[q] and W_H[g] and lever operators ^VΔ and ^μΔ applied to Scheme 2. Subunit cartoons are the same as in A, except that shaded circles indicate activated states. The plot is dived into four quadrants defined by limiting values of V and μ. The central cycle corresponds to Q-V–based global analysis, mathematically expressed as ^μΔW_C[q]. The remaining four cycles are variations of local analysis derived from the G-V curve, given by ^μΔW_H[g]V(±) and (^VΔW_H[g] + η_L)_μ(±).