Transcriptional activity of ZNF genes. (A) Comparison of proviral integration sites in intact proviral clones from ECs and ART-treated individuals (Einkauf et al., 2019; Jiang et al., 2020). Fraction of clones obtained from chronically infected ART-treated individuals and EC integrated in ZNF genes represented in blue. Two-tailed Fisher’s exact test. (B) Combined analysis of mapped integrations from this study and previously published integration data from ECs and individuals on long-term ART (Einkauf et al., 2019; Jiang et al., 2020). Comparison of normalized expression at rest and upon activation (act) in primary memory CD4⁺ T cells for ZNF genes with mapped integrations. Geometric mean (π) of expression levels noted in red (Cano-Gamez et al., 2020). (C) Comparison of normalized expression at rest and upon activation (act) in primary memory CD4⁺ T cells for non-ZNF genes with mapped integrations (Cano-Gamez et al., 2020). Geometric mean (π) of expression levels noted in red. P values determined by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. avg, average; TPM, transcripts per million.