Results for block of Kir1.1 by Mg2+ are simulated with a kinetic model for permeation, with blocker binding to the transmembrane cavity. The model is shown in A. In this case, we assume no intrinsic voltage dependence of blocker binding and an electrostatic repulsion of 4.6 RT between ions in the cavity and those in S4. Currents in the presence (red) and absence (blue) of Mg2+ with [K+]o = 1 mM (B), 11 mM (C), and 110 mM (D). Symbols show measured values. Solid lines show predicted currents from the best-fit model parameters. (Inset) Crossover of currents, indicating decreased outward current with increased driving force caused by changes in [K+]o, predicted from the model.