Voltage dependence of the gating equilibrium constant. (A–D) The unliganded gating equilibrium constant E0 as a function of the membrane voltage (Vm) for different constructs. (Inset) Φ value analysis of the voltage sensor. (E–H) The diliganded gating equilibrium constant E2 as a function of Vm for different mutants. Overall, there was an e-fold decrease in the gating equilibrium constant with a depolarization of 60 mV with Φ = 0.34. Unliganded constructs (no agonist): A, αDY + εL269F + εP245L; B, αDYS + δL265T and αDY + εL269F + εP245L; C, αA96Y + βT456I + δI43Q + εE181T + εL269F; D, αA96Y + δV269A. Diliganded constructs (activated by Cho): E, αA96L + δV269A; F, εE181T + εL269F; G, εL269F; H, εS450A.