Figure 13.

Summary of membrane probes studied in this paper and our companion paper by Fine et al. (2011) in relation to MEND responses. The figure represents best estimates of their distribution between membrane domains that internalize and those that do not internalize during MEND, interpreted to represent Lo and Ld domains, respectively. From left to right, the group with the highest relative affinity for disordered membrane is the largest group. It includes nonionic detergents, carrier-type ionophores, long-chain TPPs, NFA, and lactosylceramide. The second group, which is modestly affected by MEND, includes nystatin, DPA, CCCP, short-chain TPPs, dodecylmaltoside (DDM), and ANEPPDHQ. The third group, which is substantially but still under-proportionally affected by MEND, includes SDS, dodecylglucoside (DDG), TtPP, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (1,8 ANS), and NBD-PE. Similar to TPPs, lyso-PCs appear to associate more effectively with membrane that internalizes as the carbon chain length is decreased. FM dyes, deoxychoate, and NCX1 are affected proportionally by MEND, or nearly proportionally. From all probes and transporters examined to date, only Na/K pump activities are preferentially reduced by MEND, with the implication that pumps may be regulated by Lo domain–dependent endocytosis.

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