Capacitive binding signals of detergents before and after MEND. Standard cytoplasmic solutions with 2 mM ATP and 0.2 mM GTP in the cytoplasmic solution. In each panel, the rising phases of capacitive binding signals, indicated by filled circles in the complete C_m records, are shown in the inset at higher resolution. (A) TX100 capacitive binding signals are unchanged by MEND, causing a 60% loss of plasma membrane. As indicated below the Cm record, a low concentration of TX100 (70 µM) was applied and removed multiple times, with each application giving rise to an ∼5-pF increase of C_m that reverses with a time constant of 2–3 s. MEND was induced by applying 200 µM TX100 for 25 s, and thereafter the capacitive binding signals for the low TX100 concentration were unchanged (five similar observations). (B) Capacitive binding signals for 30 µM SDS are markedly decreased by SDS-induced MEND. Because SDS does not cause MEND during its application, the capacitive binding signal can be evaluated with the same detergent application that induces MEND. The capacitive binding signals decrease by a fractional amount that is similar to the fractional loss of membrane. (C) Capacitive binding signals for 30 µM DDG are markedly decreased by DDG-induced MEND. (D) Capacitive binding signals for 500 µM deoxycholate are markedly decreased by TX100-induced MEND.