Anti–SARS-CoV-2 mAbs. (a) Graph shows EC50 of n = 179 Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD-binding mAbs measured by ELISA against Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD 1.5 and 6 mo after vaccination, compared with EC50 measured in mRNA vaccinees after prime or 1.3 and 5 mo after Vax2 (Cho et al., 2021; Muecksch et al., 2022). (b) Graph showing affinity measurements (KD) for Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD measured by BLI for antibodies cloned from mRNA vaccinees after prime and 1.3 and 6 mo after Vax2 (Cho et al., 2021; Muecksch et al., 2022) compared with antibodies cloned from Ad26.COV2.S vaccinees 1.5 and 6 mo after vaccination (n = 33, each). (c) Graphs show anti–SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity of mAbs measured by a SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype virus neutralization assay using WT (Wuhan Hu-1; Wu et al., 2020) SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (Robbiani et al., 2020; Schmidt et al., 2020) for antibodies cloned from mRNA vaccinees after prime and 1.3 and 5 mo after Vax2 (Cho et al., 2021; Muecksch et al., 2022) compared with antibodies cloned from Ad26.COV2.S vaccinees (n = 179) 1.5 and 6 mo after vaccination. Pie charts to the right indicate the frequency of neutralizing (IC50 < 1,000 ng/ml, white) vs. nonneutralizing antibodies (IC50 >1,000 ng/ml, black) cloned from Ad26.COV2.S vaccinees. (d) Graph showing EC50 of n = 80 mAbs measured by ELISA against Wuhan-Hu-1 NTD 1.5 and 6 mo after vaccination. Right: Pie charts indicating frequency of antibodies determined to bind (EC50 <10,000 ng/ml, white) or not bind (EC50 >10,000 ng/ml, black). (e) Graph showing IC50 of NTD-specific antibodies 1.5 and 6 m after vaccination. Right: Pie charts indicating frequency of SARS-CoV-2 WT pseudovirus neutralizing (IC50 <1,000 ng/ml, white) vs. nonneutralizing (IC50 >1,000 ng/ml, black) NTD-specific mAbs. (f) Graph comparing the IC50 of all NTD-specific mAbs (n = 80) and RBD-specific mAbs (n = 179) derived from Ad26.COV2.S vaccinees. Right: Pie charts indicating frequency of either NTD- or RBD-specific neutralizing (IC50 <1,000 ng/ml, white) vs. nonneutralizing (IC50 >1,000 ng/ml, black) mAbs. Red bars and lines indicate geometric mean values. All experiments were performed at least in duplicate and were repeated twice. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Kruskal–Wallis test with subsequent Dunn’s multiple comparisons (a–c) or by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test (d–f). Pie charts were compared using two-tailed Fisher’s exact test.
Figure 3.

Anti–SARS-CoV-2 mAbs. (a) Graph shows EC50 of n = 179 Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD-binding mAbs measured by ELISA against Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD 1.5 and 6 mo after vaccination, compared with EC50 measured in mRNA vaccinees after prime or 1.3 and 5 mo after Vax2 (Cho et al., 2021; Muecksch et al., 2022). (b) Graph showing affinity measurements (KD) for Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD measured by BLI for antibodies cloned from mRNA vaccinees after prime and 1.3 and 6 mo after Vax2 (Cho et al., 2021; Muecksch et al., 2022) compared with antibodies cloned from Ad26.COV2.S vaccinees 1.5 and 6 mo after vaccination (n = 33, each). (c) Graphs show anti–SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity of mAbs measured by a SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype virus neutralization assay using WT (Wuhan Hu-1; Wu et al., 2020) SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (Robbiani et al., 2020; Schmidt et al., 2020) for antibodies cloned from mRNA vaccinees after prime and 1.3 and 5 mo after Vax2 (Cho et al., 2021; Muecksch et al., 2022) compared with antibodies cloned from Ad26.COV2.S vaccinees (n = 179) 1.5 and 6 mo after vaccination. Pie charts to the right indicate the frequency of neutralizing (IC50 < 1,000 ng/ml, white) vs. nonneutralizing antibodies (IC50 >1,000 ng/ml, black) cloned from Ad26.COV2.S vaccinees. (d) Graph showing EC50 of n = 80 mAbs measured by ELISA against Wuhan-Hu-1 NTD 1.5 and 6 mo after vaccination. Right: Pie charts indicating frequency of antibodies determined to bind (EC50 <10,000 ng/ml, white) or not bind (EC50 >10,000 ng/ml, black). (e) Graph showing IC50 of NTD-specific antibodies 1.5 and 6 m after vaccination. Right: Pie charts indicating frequency of SARS-CoV-2 WT pseudovirus neutralizing (IC50 <1,000 ng/ml, white) vs. nonneutralizing (IC50 >1,000 ng/ml, black) NTD-specific mAbs. (f) Graph comparing the IC50 of all NTD-specific mAbs (n = 80) and RBD-specific mAbs (n = 179) derived from Ad26.COV2.S vaccinees. Right: Pie charts indicating frequency of either NTD- or RBD-specific neutralizing (IC50 <1,000 ng/ml, white) vs. nonneutralizing (IC50 >1,000 ng/ml, black) mAbs. Red bars and lines indicate geometric mean values. All experiments were performed at least in duplicate and were repeated twice. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Kruskal–Wallis test with subsequent Dunn’s multiple comparisons (a–c) or by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test (d–f). Pie charts were compared using two-tailed Fisher’s exact test.

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