Frequency distribution of human V genes in SARS-CoV-2 RBD- and NTD-binding B cells. (a and b) Comparison of the frequency distribution of human V genes for heavy chain and light chains of anti-RBD antibodies from this study and from a database of shared clonotypes of human B cell receptor generated by Soto et al. (2019). Graph shows relative abundance of human IGHV (left), IGKV (middle), and IGLV (right) genes in Sequence Read Archive accession SRP010970 (orange), Ad26.COV2.S antibodies (green), and mRNA vaccinees (blue), comparing 1.5 mo after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination to 1.3 mo after one dose of mRNA vaccine (prime; a) or 6 mo after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination to 5 mo after second dose of mRNA vaccine (b). Statistical significance was determined by two-sided binomial test. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001; ****, P ≤ 0.0001. Color of stars: black, Ad26.COV2.S vaccination vs. human database; blue, mRNA vaccination vs. human database; red, Ad26.COV2.S vaccination vs. mRNA vaccination. (c) Comparison of the frequency distribution of human V genes for heavy chain and light chains of all anti-NTD antibodies from this study to a database of shared clonotypes of human B cell receptor generated by Soto et al. (2019). Graph shows relative abundance of human IGHV (left), IGKV (middle), and IGLV (right panel) genes in Sequence Read Archive accession SRP010970 (blue) Ad26.COV2.S antibodies (orange). Statistical significance was determined by two-sided binomial test. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001; ****, P ≤ 0.0001.