Whole spheroplast activation curves recorded with spheroplast imaging. (Top) Typical images of three spheroplasts of different sizes and their respective activation curves presented in the pressure scale. The fitting of the image was done using a custom-written MATLAB program. (Bottom) Curves from three spheroplasts presented in the tension scale. Tensions at each pressure were calculated according to Laplace’s law for the sphere (γ = p*r/2). The fit of the averaged curve to the Boltzmann-type equation (see Materials and methods) produces the values of ΔE = 1.17 × 10−19 J (28 kT) and ΔA = 14.7 nm2 (solid black line). The combined fit indicated average midpoint γ0.5 = 7.8 mN/m.