Figure 1.
Figure 1. Synchronized Ca2+ oscillations in networked hippocampal neurons represent spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic transmission. (A) Network of neurons in mixed hippocampal cultures visualized by Alexa Fluor 594–conjugated Cholera toxin B subunit that binds to ganglioside GM1 on neuronal membrane. (B) TTX (10 nM) sensitive Ca2+ oscillations in a group of neurons. Bath application of 10 μM CNQX (C), 10 μM APV (D), or 1 μM nimodipine inhibited the SCO. For clarity, the data shown in B–D are for five neurons in a field from a typical experiment repeated three to five times. Data in D are mean ± SEM for 30 neurons from three experiments (*, P < 0.005). The controls were taken as SCO in each experiment before drug treatment.

Synchronized Ca2+ oscillations in networked hippocampal neurons represent spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic transmission. (A) Network of neurons in mixed hippocampal cultures visualized by Alexa Fluor 594–conjugated Cholera toxin B subunit that binds to ganglioside GM1 on neuronal membrane. (B) TTX (10 nM) sensitive Ca2+ oscillations in a group of neurons. Bath application of 10 μM CNQX (C), 10 μM APV (D), or 1 μM nimodipine inhibited the SCO. For clarity, the data shown in B–D are for five neurons in a field from a typical experiment repeated three to five times. Data in D are mean ± SEM for 30 neurons from three experiments (*, P < 0.005). The controls were taken as SCO in each experiment before drug treatment.

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