Individual contribution of tmACs and sAC to glucose-induced cAMP. Total cellular cAMP was measured in INS-1E cells at the indicated times in Krebs Ringer buffer with 2.5 mM glucose (triangle symbols) or 16 mM glucose (square symbols) in the presence of IBMX, with either vehicle control (A, B, and C, closed symbols and solid lines: ▴ and ▪), or in the presence of the inhibitors (open symbols with dotted lines: ▵ and □); 50 μM 2′5′ ddAdo (A), 30 μM KH7 (B), or both ddAdo and KH7 (C). Values represent means ± SEM (n = 4) of total cAMP content per well, with each well containing equivalent number of cells. ANOVA statistical analyses were performed with the Bonferroni comparison test and provided in Table S1 (available).