CD14⁺ DC3s produce both IL1B and IL23A in PSO. (a) Violin plot of the IL1B- and IL23A-producing cells in nonlesional (NL) and lesional (L) skin in AD and PSO in our dataset. (b and c) Bar graph (b) and dot plot (c) of IL1B- and IL23A-producing cells in nonlesional and lesional skin from AD and PSO patients. (d) Bar graph of the percentage of IL1B and IL23A double-positive and IL1B single-positive cells within each DC and macrophage subset in PSO lesional skin. (e) Top: Immunolabeling for CD1c (green), CD14 (red), and IL-23 (white) in PSO lesional skin (n = 6). Green arrowhead: DC2, red arrowhead: macrophage, white arrowhead: CD14⁺ DC3. Scale bar = 20 µm. Bottom: Bar graphs show absolute number and percentage of IL-23–positive cells among DC2s, CD14⁺ DC3s, and macrophages. (f) Heat map of DEG in IL1B/IL23A double-positive cells in lesional PSO skin. (g–i) SCENIC analysis of IL1B/IL23A expression cells in lesional PSO skin. (g) Differentially active regulons among cells clustered based on expression of IL1B and IL23A. (h) Violin plots of regulons with higher activity in IL1B/IL23A double-positive cells. (i)IL23A and IL1B are the target genes for STAT2, FOSL2, XBP1, CEBP, and HIF1A. (j) Bar graph of the percentage of CD14⁺ DC3 subsets within IL1B and IL23A double-positive cells in PSO lesional skin. (k) Violin plots of SLC2A3 in the PSO lesional skin CD14⁺ DC3 subsets. (l) Bar graph showing the percentage of GLUT3-positive cells per each APC in PSO patient skin (n = 8). (m) Immunofluorescence labeling of healthy (n = 4) and PSO (n = 4) patient skin. Dotted line shows the dermal–epidermal junction. HLA-DR: green, GLUT3 (SLC2A3): red, and DAPI: blue. Scale bar = 100 µm (low magnification) and 10 µm (high magnification). (n) Bar graph of the number of HLA-DR and HLA-DR/GLUT3 double-positive cells per high-power field (HPF; ×60) of view in healthy (n = 4), AD (n = 4), and PSO (n = 4) patient skin. P values were obtained by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (e, l, and n). *, P ≤ 0.05. MAC, macrophage.