Figure 2. Severe bronchiolitis in early life predisposes to subsequent asthma. (a) Study design. 1-wk-old (neo) or 6-wk-old (adult) pDCΔ and WT mice were treated with DT (i.p. route, 15 ng) at −1, 1, 3, and 5 dpi, inoculated with PVM or vehicle at 0 dpi, challenged with PVM at 42 dpi, and killed at 49 dpi. (b) AHR. (c) ASM area. Representative micrographs of ASM (400× magnification); arrows indicate ASM (pink). Bars, 50 µm. (d) Airway intraluminal mucus plugging. (e) Eosinophils in BAL. (f) IL-13 protein expression in BALF. Data are representative of n = 2 experiments with five to six neonates in each group and are presented as mean ± SEM (b) or box-and-whisker plots showing quartiles (boxes) and range (whiskers; c–f). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (b) or one-way ANOVA (c–f) with Tukey’s post hoc test; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
Figure 2.

Severe bronchiolitis in early life predisposes to subsequent asthma. (a) Study design. 1-wk-old (neo) or 6-wk-old (adult) pDCΔ and WT mice were treated with DT (i.p. route, 15 ng) at −1, 1, 3, and 5 dpi, inoculated with PVM or vehicle at 0 dpi, challenged with PVM at 42 dpi, and killed at 49 dpi. (b) AHR. (c) ASM area. Representative micrographs of ASM (400× magnification); arrows indicate ASM (pink). Bars, 50 µm. (d) Airway intraluminal mucus plugging. (e) Eosinophils in BAL. (f) IL-13 protein expression in BALF. Data are representative of n = 2 experiments with five to six neonates in each group and are presented as mean ± SEM (b) or box-and-whisker plots showing quartiles (boxes) and range (whiskers; c–f). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (b) or one-way ANOVA (c–f) with Tukey’s post hoc test; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.

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