Antioxidant treatment reduces apoptosis in cNRX1 cells. (A) Cells were treated with the indicated antioxidant compounds for 24 h under normoxic conditions (white bars) or after hypoxia (black bars). Cleaved caspase-3 staining was analyzed by digital image analysis. NAC, N-acetyl cysteine. (B) Cells were treated with the indicated compounds for 24 h under normoxic conditions (white bars) or after hypoxia (black bars). Cleaved caspase-3 staining was analyzed by digital image analysis. (C) Cells were treated with the indicated antioxidant compounds for 24 h under normoxic conditions (white bars) or after hypoxia (black bars). LDH levels in conditioned medium and cell fraction were determined and expressed as the ratio of medium LDH over cellular LDH. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM and were analyzed using an unpaired t test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 vs. respective normoxic control; N.S., not significant). All conditions were determined in triplicate; representative data from three independent experiments are shown.