Figure 2.

USP13 is preferentially expressed in GSCs in human GBMs. (A and B) Immunofluorescent staining of USP13 and the GSC marker SOX2 (A) or OLIG2 (B) in a primary GBM. Frozen sections of GBM (CCF2774) were coimmunostained with specific antibodies against USP13 (green) and the GSC marker SOX2 or OLIG2 (red) and then counterstained with DAPI (blue) to show nuclei. USP13 is coexpressed in the glioma cells expressing the GSC markers. (C) IHC staining of USP13 (brown) in human normal brain tissue and primary GBMs. Tissue sections were counterstained with hematoxylin to mark nuclei. USP13 is expressed in a fraction of cancer cells in GBMs but not expressed in the normal brain. (D) Immunofluorescent staining of USP13 and the endothelial marker CD31 in a primary GBM. Frozen sections of GBM (CCF2445) were coimmunostained with specific antibodies against USP13 (green) and CD31 (red) and then counterstained with DAPI (blue) to show nuclei. USP13 cells are localized in the perivascular niche. (E) The mean proximities of USP13-positive cells (+) and USP13-negative cells (−) to blood vessels in primary GBMs were statistically analyzed in three cases of human GBMs (CCF2445, D262, and CW2208). The USP13 (+) cells were significantly more proximal to blood vessels than USP13 (−) cells. Data are mean ± SD. n = 3. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. Student’s t test was used to assess the significance. Data are from three independent experiments. (F) IB analysis of USP13, c-Myc, OLIG2, and GFAP in GSCs (+) and matched NSTCs (−) isolated from five GBM tumors. OLIG2 and c-Myc are GSC markers, whereas GFAP is an astrocyte marker. (G) IB analysis of USP13, c-Myc, and SOX2 in GSC populations and human NPC lines. GSCs express more USP13 and c-Myc than normal NPCs. (F and G) Mass is shown in kilodaltons.

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