Figure 4. HK deficiency significantly reduces circulating endotoxin levels. (A) Kng1−/− mice and their littermate control mice were challenged with LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and blood was collected at the indicated time points. The LPS content in plasma was evaluated using the LAL assay (left). The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from kinetic curves measured over 24 h (right). Data were analyzed using an unpaired Student's t test and are representative of five independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. (B) After two groups of Kng1−/− mice were injected with either 250 µg human HK protein or PBS, and one group of control WT mice were injected with PBS through tail vein (n = 8), they were challenged with 5 mg/kg LPS (i.p.). Blood was collected at the indicated time points, and plasma LPS content was evaluated using the LAL assay. Statistics were analyzed by ANOVA. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. Data are representative of two independent experiments. (C) After two groups of Kng1−/− mice were injected with either 250 µg human HK protein or PBS (n = 8), they were challenged with 50 mg/kg LPS, and their survival rate was monitored. Statistics were analyzed using a log-rank test. Data are representative of two independent experiments. ***, P < 0.001. (D) Two groups of TLR4−/− mice were challenged with 5 mg/kg LPS (i.p.; n = 8), and blood was collected at the indicated time points. The kinetics of LPS in the plasma (left) and the AUC of the kinetic curves (right) were measured. Data were analyzed using an unpaired Student's t test and are representative of two independent experiments. (E) HK-deficient rats and control rats were challenged with 5 mg/kg LPS (i.p.; n = 6), and blood was collected at the indicated time points. The kinetics of LPS in the plasma (left) and the AUC of the kinetic curves (right) were measured. Data were analyzed using an unpaired Student's t test and are representative of three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.
Figure 4.

HK deficiency significantly reduces circulating endotoxin levels. (A) Kng1−/− mice and their littermate control mice were challenged with LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and blood was collected at the indicated time points. The LPS content in plasma was evaluated using the LAL assay (left). The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from kinetic curves measured over 24 h (right). Data were analyzed using an unpaired Student's t test and are representative of five independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. (B) After two groups of Kng1−/− mice were injected with either 250 µg human HK protein or PBS, and one group of control WT mice were injected with PBS through tail vein (n = 8), they were challenged with 5 mg/kg LPS (i.p.). Blood was collected at the indicated time points, and plasma LPS content was evaluated using the LAL assay. Statistics were analyzed by ANOVA. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. Data are representative of two independent experiments. (C) After two groups of Kng1−/− mice were injected with either 250 µg human HK protein or PBS (n = 8), they were challenged with 50 mg/kg LPS, and their survival rate was monitored. Statistics were analyzed using a log-rank test. Data are representative of two independent experiments. ***, P < 0.001. (D) Two groups of TLR4−/− mice were challenged with 5 mg/kg LPS (i.p.; n = 8), and blood was collected at the indicated time points. The kinetics of LPS in the plasma (left) and the AUC of the kinetic curves (right) were measured. Data were analyzed using an unpaired Student's t test and are representative of two independent experiments. (E) HK-deficient rats and control rats were challenged with 5 mg/kg LPS (i.p.; n = 6), and blood was collected at the indicated time points. The kinetics of LPS in the plasma (left) and the AUC of the kinetic curves (right) were measured. Data were analyzed using an unpaired Student's t test and are representative of three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.

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