Knockdown of TRIM65 suppresses MDA5 activation in human cells. (A) qPCR analysis of TRIM65 expression in HeLa cells stably expressing shRNA against TRIM65. (B and C) qPCR analysis of IFN-β expression in HeLa cells stably expressing shRNA against TRIM65 and left stimulated for 6 h with cytosolic HMW poly I:C (B), LMW poly I:C (B), EMCV-RNA (C), or VSV-RNA (C). (D) Immunoblot analysis of TRIM65 expression in HeLa cells stably expressing shRNA against TRIM65 with or without overexpression of GFP-TRIM65. (E) qPCR analysis of IFN-β expression in HeLa cells stably expressing shRNA against TRIM65 with or without overexpression of GFP-TRIM65 and left stimulated for 6 h with cytosolic EMCV-RNA. Data are from three independent experiments with biological duplicates in each (mean and SEM of n = 6). Statistics were analyzed via an unpaired Student’s t test: ***, P < 0.001.