M-CSF protects against A. fumigatus infection after HS/PC transplantation. (a) Mice were transplanted and treated with M-CSF as described in Fig. 1 a, infected after 1 wk by intranasal instillation of A. fumigatus (4–6 × 106 CFU), and analyzed for fungal load after 2 d or for survival. (b and c) Survival of mice after HS/PC transplantation and fungal infection (arrow) for PBS control (n = 10) or mice treated with three doses of 10 µg rmM-CSF (n = 10; b) or three doses of 10 µg rhM-CSF (n = 10; c). Transplantation (n = 4) and irradiation (XR) controls (n = 4) are shown. P < 0.001 (rmM-CSF) and P < 0.01 (rhM-CSF) by Mantel-Cox tests. (d) Fungal load in indicated organs 48 h after infection of transplanted mice treated with rhM-CSF (n = 4) or control PBS (n = 4). Photos of cultures from two representative mice are shown. All data are representative of at least two independent experiments.
