Adoptive transfer of encephalitogenic Th17 cells induces the systemic up-regulation of G-CSF and neutrophil mobilization. (A–F) WT mice were injected with IL-23 polarized, MOG-specific CD4⁺ Th17 cells. (A) Circulating neutrophils (closed circles) and monocytes (white squares) were enumerated by flow cytometry at serial time points. Data were pooled from three experiments (n ≥ 7 mice per group). (B) Serum G-CSF levels were measured by ELISA. Data were pooled from three experiments (n ≥ 10 mice per group). (C) G-CSF levels in tissue homogenates obtained from naive mice or from host mice on day 7 after transfer, measured by ELISA and normalized to total protein (n = 5 mice per group). (D–F) Number of monocytes and neutrophils in brain (D), spinal cord (E), and spleen (F), determined by flow cytometry. Data were pooled from two experiments (n ≥ 6 per group). All graphs indicate means; error bars denote SEM. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 compared with naive or day 3 after transfer.