Serum G-CSF and CXCL1 are up-regulated and myeloid cells are mobilized into the circulation during EAE. (A–D) Peripheral blood cells and sera were collected from mice that had been primed with MOG_35-55 or OVA_323-339 in CFA or MOG_35-55 in IFA, with or without administration of PTx. (A) Percentage of circulating neutrophils (CD11b⁺Ly6C^intLy6G⁺, black bars) and monocytes (CD11b⁺Ly6C^hiLy6G⁻, white bars) on day 7 p.i. Shown is a representative of three experiments (n ≥ 6 mice per group). (B) Numbers of neutrophils (top panels, closed squares) and monocytes (bottom panels, open circles) per ml of blood or per spleen at serial time points after active immunization with MOG_35-55 in CFA. Data are pooled from 10 experiments (blood, n ≥ 6 per time point) or 5 experiments (spleen, n ≥ 3 per time point). (C and D) Serum levels of G-CSF (C) and CXCL1 (D) were measured by ELISA. Data were pooled from 10 experiments (n ≥ 3 mice per time point). (E and F) G-CSF (E) and CXCL1 (F) were measured in tissue homogenates and normalized to total protein. Shown is a representative of two experiments (n = 4 mice per time point). All graphs indicate means; error bars denote SEM. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 compared with unimmunized mice. ^#, P < 0.05; ^##, P < 0.01 between groups. ND = not detectable.