GCV strongly inhibits EAE and neuroinflammation. EAE was induced as in Fig. 1, and mice were treated daily with PBS (vehicle) or 100 mg/kg GCV beginning at 7 d.p.i. (arrows). (A) Disease severity of vehicle- and GCV-treated mice was blindly scored daily. Data represent mean scores and SEM (n = 10–15 mice/group). *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001 by Mann–Whitney U test. (B) Percent incidence of clinical disease (score > 0) on a given day from A. ***, P < 0.001 by Mantel-Cox test. (C) Representative images and quantification of CD3⁺ T cells in cerebella and spinal cords at 21 d.p.i. from vehicle or GCV-treated mice (bars, 25 µm). Bar graphs represent the mean of three to five sections/mouse and SEM (n = 5–10 mice/group). **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test. (D) Mice with EAE were treated every alternate day with PBS (vehicle), 100 mg/kg GCV, or 1,000 U IFN-β after the clinical score reached 2. The animals were scored daily, and clinical scores after initiation of treatment are plotted (P = 0.073 for GCV and 0.056 for IFN-β, compared with vehicle, by two-way ANOVA). The experiments were independently performed five times for A–C and twice for D.