Effect of anti-CD36 antibody exposure on macrophages infected with a primary isolate and on macrophage–to–T cell transmission. (A and B) Macrophages from two donors were infected with the primary HIV-1 isolate 132W and treated at day 7 p.i. with anti-CD36 mAb or isotype control as in Fig. 5 (A–C). p24 Gag contents were measured in culture supernatant (A) and in corresponding cell lysates (B). (C) Cell viability measured at the end of the experiment with the CellTiter-Glo kit. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of triplicates. (D) Macrophage–to–T cell HIV-1-transmission after co-culture of heterologous, activated primary CD4⁺ T cells with HIV-1–infected macrophages in the indicated conditions. Percentage of infected CD4⁺ T cells after co-culture was measured by intracellular FACS staining of Gag. Data presented were obtained from three independent experiments performed on cells from three different donors and are shown as Geo Mean with 95% CI. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used as statistic test (***, P ≤ 0.001).