Clinical asthma is marked by increased TFF2 expression, and TFF2−/− mice are resistant to HDM-induced murine asthma. (A) Quantification of TFF2 mRNA transcripts from nasal mucosal brushings of normal subjects (n = 9) or patients experiencing acute asthma exacerbation (n = 23). Each dot represents an individual patient. Vertical bars indicate the mean. (B) Airway pressure time index (APTI) of WT and TFF2−/− mice after immunization with 1× PBS or HDM antigen extract. Means ± SE of eight mice/group are shown. (C) Quantification of inflammatory cells recovered from the BAL fluid of WT and TFF2−/− mice after intratracheal administration of HDMs or saline. Means ± SE of four mice/group are shown. Data are representative of two to three independent experiments (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01). n.d., not detected.