CD1b tetramers stain human αβ T cells. (a) Bacterial GMM is formed by glucose linked at the 6-position to a mycolyl unit that contains two chiral centers, which are in the R configuration at positions 2 and 3 (2R, 3R). (b) Tetramerizable CD1b monomers were used in plate-bound antigen presentation experiments to measure IL-2 release by the CD1b-restricted human T cell line LDN5 in response to C32 GMM loaded overnight at 37°C (mean + SEM). (c) CD1b was loaded with GMMs that are naturally formed with R configuration at C2 and C3 (R, R) or synthetic GMM prepared with an S configuration at C2 or C3 (2R,3S+2S,3R) and complexed to streptavidin-labeled APC (tetramer APC) and tested for staining LDN5 T cells. (d) CD1b tetramers were then loaded with GMMs of the indicated average chain length (C32, C54, or C80) and tested for staining LDN5. MFI is mean fluorescence intensity. Data are representative of three or more experiments.