Figure 7. SHIV-SF162P4 rectal challenge and mucosal Env-specific Ab responses. Macaques immunized with YU2 trimers in adjuvant (F123-F128, red symbols; n = 6) or adjuvant alone (F129-F134, blue symbols; n = 6) were challenged with 50 TCID50 SHIV-SF162P4 twice a week via the rectal route until confirmed infected by Q-RT-PCR. (A) The Kaplan-Meier graph illustrates percentage of uninfected animals after each challenge occasion (left). Difference in number of challenges needed to achieve infection was determined by Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test where P < 0.05 was considered significant. The cumulative viral load (middle) is shown as log10 area under curve where each symbol represents an individual animal. Immunized and controls were compared with the Mann-Whitney test. Peak viral load (right panel) was measured at time of peak viremia for each individual animal and groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney test. Box plots show interquartile range and whiskers min-max values. (B) Plasma collected 2 wk after inoculation five from immunized (red, n = 6) and control (blue, n = 6) animals were assayed for neutralization against the SHIV-SF162P4 clone (41.1) and stock. Evaluation of neutralization was done with ANOVA. (C) Env-specific and total IgG in rectal lavages (RL, left) and vaginal lavages (VL, right) were measured 2 wk after each immunization. Circles represent group means (n = 3–6) ± SEM. Correlates between plasma and mucosal Env-specific IgG (of total IgG) for rectal samples (bottom left) or vaginal samples (bottom right) with linear regression shown. Correlations (r2) were determined through Pearson’s correlation analysis where P < 0.05 was considered significant. (D) Total levels of IgG (black, n = 21–24) and Env-specific IgG (red, n = 21–24) was quantified in plasma, rectal, and vaginal washes. Concentrations from all data points after reaching peak levels (immunization two to five) are shown. For comparison between compartments data were evaluated for significance via ANOVA. Lines and error bars indicate group mean ± SEM. ns, nonsignificant. ***, for P ≤ 0.001.
Figure 7.

SHIV-SF162P4 rectal challenge and mucosal Env-specific Ab responses. Macaques immunized with YU2 trimers in adjuvant (F123-F128, red symbols; n = 6) or adjuvant alone (F129-F134, blue symbols; n = 6) were challenged with 50 TCID50 SHIV-SF162P4 twice a week via the rectal route until confirmed infected by Q-RT-PCR. (A) The Kaplan-Meier graph illustrates percentage of uninfected animals after each challenge occasion (left). Difference in number of challenges needed to achieve infection was determined by Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test where P < 0.05 was considered significant. The cumulative viral load (middle) is shown as log10 area under curve where each symbol represents an individual animal. Immunized and controls were compared with the Mann-Whitney test. Peak viral load (right panel) was measured at time of peak viremia for each individual animal and groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney test. Box plots show interquartile range and whiskers min-max values. (B) Plasma collected 2 wk after inoculation five from immunized (red, n = 6) and control (blue, n = 6) animals were assayed for neutralization against the SHIV-SF162P4 clone (41.1) and stock. Evaluation of neutralization was done with ANOVA. (C) Env-specific and total IgG in rectal lavages (RL, left) and vaginal lavages (VL, right) were measured 2 wk after each immunization. Circles represent group means (n = 3–6) ± SEM. Correlates between plasma and mucosal Env-specific IgG (of total IgG) for rectal samples (bottom left) or vaginal samples (bottom right) with linear regression shown. Correlations (r2) were determined through Pearson’s correlation analysis where P < 0.05 was considered significant. (D) Total levels of IgG (black, n = 21–24) and Env-specific IgG (red, n = 21–24) was quantified in plasma, rectal, and vaginal washes. Concentrations from all data points after reaching peak levels (immunization two to five) are shown. For comparison between compartments data were evaluated for significance via ANOVA. Lines and error bars indicate group mean ± SEM. ns, nonsignificant. ***, for P ≤ 0.001.

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