Effect of targeting the Tim-3 and PD-1 signaling pathways on tumor growth. (A) 5 × 10⁵ CT26 cells were implanted into wild-type BALB/c mice. Mice were then treated with anti-Tim-3, anti-PD-L1, anti-Tim-3 + anti-PD-L1, or control immunoglobulins (RatIgG₁ + RatIgG_2b). Error bars represent SEM. Two independent experiments are shown. Left, control (n = 5), anti–Tim-3 (n = 5), anti–PD-L1 (n = 6), and anti–Tim-3 + anti–PD-L1 (n = 5). Right, control (n = 4), anti–Tim-3 (n = 5), anti–PD-L1 (n = 4), and anti–Tim-3 + anti–PD-L1 (n = 3). (B) Pooled data from the experiments shown in A. Error bars represent SEM. Left, *, P < 0.01 compared with control or anti–Tim-3 group. Right, *, P < 0.01 compared with control group and P < 0.05 compared with anti–Tim-3 group, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test.