Suppressor tRNAs upregulate fully-spliced TCR-β transcripts in the nuclear compartment. Northern blot analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA from HeLa cells transiently transfected with constructs A and C was isolated by method 2, as described in Materials and Methods. Hybridization with intron-specific probes demonstrated that the 2.8-kb premRNA contains both the 0.8-kb β-actin intron (upstream of TCR-β exon 1) and the 1.0-kb second TCR-β intron, while the 2.0-kb premRNA has spliced out the β-actin intron. The reason that the 2.0-kb pre-mRNA was highly expressed in the nuclei of the cells shown in this figure but not those in Fig. 2 is because the cells used for the latter figure were stably transfected. Methylene blue staining (42) of the blots showed that 32S and 45S rRNA precursors were present at high levels in the nuclear RNA and were absent in cytoplasmic RNA prepared at the same time (data not shown; see Wilkinson and MacLeod [40] and Wilkinson [43] for use of 32S and 45S rRNA precursors as a measure of nuclear RNA enrichment). Hybridization with the CHO-A housekeeping gene (28) probe demonstrated that 40-fold less CHO-A mature mRNA was present in the nuclear fraction than in the cytoplasmic fraction. This indicates that no more than 3% of the cytoplasmic RNA is contaminating the nuclear RNA. As with Fig. 1, neomycin mRNA levels were used as a measure of transfection efficiency (data not shown).